Fabric Calendering

The fabric passing through the rollers of the calender is subjected to a very uniform pressure all along its width; if the rollers rotate at a different speed, a vigorous friction effect is generated. Steel rollers may be equipped in such a way to be heated from the inside by means of steam, circulating fluids or electrical power.The wavy engraving on the rollers give the effect as shown.

 

The fabric passing through the rollers of the calender is subjected to a very uniform pressure all along its width;if the rollers rotate at a different speed, a vigorous friction effect is generated. Steel rollers may be equipped in such a way to be heated from the inside by means of steam, circulating fluids or electrical power.The rollers coated with paper/wool, containing 45-50% of wool, feature good elasticity and excellent resistance to wear and are suitable for a wide variety of applications; they can also be used in embossing calendering units.Rollers made of paper/cotton, are used almost in friction calenders and for treating hard fibres. Cotton rollers, featuring higher elasticity than the paperones, are mainly used for cotton and blends finishing and for a final full hand effect.

Fabric Embossing

Embossing means to create a raised or lowered image on the surface. The embossing machine is made up of a heated and embossed roller made of steel,which is pressed against another roller coated with paper or cotton, its circumference being exactly a whole multiple of the metal roller.

 

The garment will have to be dry-cleaned.Washing and drying the garment will raise the pile and destroy the embossed image.

Water Proof Finish

Water proofed fabric has the pores of the fabrics covered with acontinuous surface.The coating being done on the surface, air permeability is non-existent, with nobonding between the fibres and the coated product intended for use in the fabric of rain- and water-resistant clothing.

The type of hydrophobic treatment chosen affects the quality of the garment and its durability during washing or chemical cleaning.Finish is applied by filling the fabric pores witha film-forming compound or by the applying to individual fibres or fabrics of compounds which repel water and have a high surface tension.